Ketersediaan finansial, kesenjangan pendapatan, dan konsumsi rumah tangga: peran akses kredit di Indonesia sebagai negara transisi.

Puspitasari, Adelia and Goso, Goso and Hapid, Hapid (2026) Ketersediaan finansial, kesenjangan pendapatan, dan konsumsi rumah tangga: peran akses kredit di Indonesia sebagai negara transisi. Ketersediaan finansial, kesenjangan pendapatan, dan konsumsi rumah tangga: peran akses kredit di Indonesia sebagai negara transisi., 9 (2). pp. 689-700. ISSN 2599-0748

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Official URL: https://jiped.org/index.php/JSE

Abstract

This study investigates how financial availability shapes income inequality in Indonesia as a transition economy, with credit access as a mediating variable and household consumption as an indicator of economic welfare. Unlike prior studies focused on China and other Asian economies, this study offers the first comprehensive panel analysis integrating financial availability, credit access, and household consumption using Indonesian- specific data. Using secondary data from Susenas 2023–2025, BPS, OJK, and Bank Indonesia, this study employs panel data regression with a Fixed Effects approach and Baron & Kenny mediation analysis with Sobel Test. The results show that financial availability has a significant negative effect on income inequality (β₁ = -0.342, p < 0.01), and credit access partially mediates this relationship (Sobel Z = 4.863, indirect effect = -0.125). Household consumption also responds positively to credit access. However, regional disparities, gender gaps, and limited financial literacy remain structural barriers. These findings provide actionable evidence for policymakers to expand inclusive credit access, particularly through rural fintech subsidies and financial literacy programs, in support of OJK's National Financial Inclusion Strategy 2025–2029 and SDGs 2030 Keywords : Financial Availability, Income Inequality, Credit Access, Household Consumption, Transition Economy.

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